[next-mdx-remote] error compiling MDX: Expected a closing tag for `<collaborative>` (59:1244-59:1259) before the end of `paragraph` 57 | RIA BSR/T15.1, a draft safety standard for Intelligent Assist Devices, was published by the [Robotic Industries Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_Industries_Association "Robotic Industries Association"), an industry working group in March 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-36"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobot#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> 58 | > 59 | The robot safety standard (ANSI/RIA R15.06 was first published in 1986, after 4 years of development. It was updated with newer editions in 1992 and 1999. In 2011, ANSI/RIA R15.06 was updated again and is now a national adoption of the combined ISO 10218-1 and ISO 10218-2 safety standards. The ISO standards are based on ANSI/RIA R15.06-1999. A companion document was developed by ISO TC299 WG3 and published as an ISO Technical Specification, ISO/TS 15066:2016. This Technical Specification covers collaborative robotics - requirements of robots and the integrated applications.<sup id="cite_ref-37"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobot#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> ISO 10218-1 <sup id="cite_ref-38"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobot#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup> contains the requirements for robots - including those with optional capabilities to enable collaborative applications. ISO 10218-2:2011 <sup id="cite_ref-39"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobot#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> and ISO/TS 15066<sup id="cite_ref-40"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobot#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup> contain the safety requirements for both collaborative and non-collaborative robot applications. Technically, the <collaborative> robot application includes the robot, end-effector (mounted to the robot arm or manipulator to perform tasks which can include manipulating or handling objects) and the workpiece (if an object is handled). | ^ 60 | 61 | The safety of a collaborative robot application is the issue since there is NO official term of "cobot" (within robot standardization). Cobot is considered to be a sales or marketing term because "collaborative" is determined by the application. For example, a robot wielding a cutting tool or a sharp workpiece would be hazardous to people. However the same robot sorting foam chips would likely be safe. Consequently, the [risk assessment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_assessment "Risk assessment") accomplished by the robot integrator addresses the intended application (use). ISO 10218 Parts 1 and 2 rely on risk assessment (according to ISO 12100). In Europe, the [Machinery Directive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machinery_Directive "Machinery Directive") is applicable, however the robot by itself is a partial machine. The robot system (robot with end-effector) and the robot application are considered complete machines.<sup id="cite_ref-41"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobot#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobot#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup> More information: https://mdxjs.com/docs/troubleshooting-mdx