If we see any domain (or skill even) as the result of a complex self-organizing emergent system (which we should) then stages are a natural emergent property … because …

  • Complex system is a dynamical system. If you have a dynamical systems with multiple (stable) equlibria then you will have basins of attraction and as you move out of one into another you will have rapid shifts to a new stage.
    • Metaphor of a child learning to stand or to walk.
  • Phase changes in water and other system. Continuous changes in an underlying variable at phase transitions lead to major structural shifts and in the self-organization of the system.
    • Think of water freezing and going from liquid to solid. Or liquid water boiling and going from liquid to gas.

Backup / References

#TODO find citations / materials e.g.

  • Dawson paper
  • FOLA materials (had a whole section on this)
  • Paper from reading group from Isabella

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